Anna tannenberg12/8/2023 The Republican party has not changed left-right placement but moved strongly in an illiberal direc-tion. ![]() US Parties in Comparative PerspectiveFigure 1 shows the movement of the Republican and Democratic parties in this millennium on two dimensions: Illiberal rhetoric and left-right positioning on economic policy. The largest ever study of its kind, the data highlight shifts and trends within and betweeen parties since 1970. Varieties of Party Identity and Organization (V-Party) is a new dataset, produced by the V-Dem Institute, examining the policy positions and organizational structures of political parties across the world1. Indicators comprising the Illiberalism Index are low commitment to political pluralism, demonization of political opponents, disrespect for fundamental minority rights and encouragement of political violence. It is the first comparative measure of the “litmus test” for the loyalty to democracy, which the famous political scientist Juan Linz developed in 1978, and Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt have propagated in their 2018 book on “How Democracies Die”. INSTITUTE BRIEFING PAPER The Illiberalism Index gauges the extent of commitment to democratic norms that a party exhibits before an election. This means that more parties show lower commitment to political pluralism, demonization of political opponents, disrespect for fundamental minority rights and encouragement of political violence.
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